Philosophical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Philosophical Theories - Essay ExampleSpecifically, it has been argued that Machiavellis positions mystify contrasted greatly with the views of Aristotle and Plato, particularly their views on the government and the State.However, this paper would like to forward the central thesis that if one analyzes carefully their works, it would prove that the theories of Machiavelli take up actually benefited much from the theories of Aristotle and Plato and one can see roughly areas of intersection.We study the antique theories, then, but with some doubt as to what they are theories of. We tend in fact to talk of ancient ethics, non ancient morality, and we do the same for modern theories containing elements that are prominent in the ancient ones thus, we talk of virtue ethics, not virtue morality. There is a fairly widespread attitude that ancient theories of virtue and the good liveness are concerned not with what we take to be morality, but with something different, an alternative whi ch can be tagged ethics.Platonic philosophy is hinged on moral virtue as practiced by just rules. concord to him, man served the State and hence, ethics and politics were the same. This is to be contradistinguished with Machiavellian principles, which states that the State should serve the people. That is its whole motive for being. Under Machiavellis consent, a ruler is justified in doing whatever needs to be done to go on the country, even if his actions may be deemed unjust. This is the source of the famous quote The end justifies the means. This is a complete opponent of the Platonic model which argues that a ruler may never be unjust. It is immoral and unethical, maintains Plato, for a ruler to rule solely by might. A background on Platos methodology and work is provided by Bruell (1994)Platos policy-making philosophy is accessible to us primarily through the three great works whose very titles place to their political themes the Republic, the Laws, the Statesman. The R epublic and the Laws, which happen to be his longest works by far, are devoted chiefly to developing very thoroughgoing themes of political reform the Statesman is devoted to the search for rare qualities or qualifications that would make a man worthy of that name. Platos political philosophy first come to sight two as critical and reformist it establishes immediately its distance from actual politics and looks to the true politics, which Platos own educational efforts are presumably intended to help bring about. It can thus have an apparently contradictory effect, however. Even as it raises readers political hopes, it may lower their willingness to participate in the only politics gettable to them, for the small good that might be done there seems smaller still when it is compared with the good they have been led to expect from the schemes of radical reform that they have become acquainted with in Plato. Platos theories have open traces in the writings of the more modern